Pulse converting circuits



Aug- 25, 1953 IK. G. HUNTLEY 2,65`O300 PULSE CONVERTING CIRCUITS Filed Dec. 2e, 195o l/O /O Affe/Hey vfrom the frame frequency :synchronising pulses Patented Aug. 25, 1953 2,050,300 UNITED @PATENT @crimes PULSE CQONVERTING vCIRCUITS Keith :Gordon Huntley, Hallington, Hayes, Eng land, assigner to AElectric 0& Musical Industries Limited, Hayes, :Englandyfa .@British `company ApplicationDecember 26, 1950, 'Serial`No.`2,02,'706 l In `Great Britain December 21, `1949 ,19 Claims. (Cl. 25o-2,7) 1 2 `This invention relates 'to pulsefconverting icirpulses in'to Aclerived *pulses in `which the pulses cuits suchas are employed Ain television apparaderived from said =broad pulses are of greater tusrfor the purpose of converting "line .and .frarne amplitude than the pulses `derived from saidnarlfrequency isynchronising pulses into Apulses :of rovv pulses/said circuit `comprising a therrnonic `diilerent amplitudes to facilitatetheirseparation A5 "valve having an input circuit connected lto an In one of the present television transmission 'input electrode cfg-said valve and to which said systems the line 'frequency synchronising pulses narrow and Elcroad pulses are applied, an l'output are of the .samearnplitudeaslthe frame frequency circuit connected to fan output yelectrode of Y said :synchronising pulses, puta-re of shorter duration. -valve and having `in said output circuit a ycon- 'f-Ihctrame frequency .pulses Sin this systemhavea m verter -to convert said Anarrow and `broad pulses duration corresponding lto several line zperiods, into pulses `of Ediierent` amplitudes anda time and since it is necessary to maintain line "freconstant `circuit connected 'to another electrode fquencyisynchronismfduring .theoccurrenee of lthe of said valve Ato cause said valve `to become profrarne frequency pulses, the latter 'in the fcase of gressively less conducting during `the conversion `an interlacedsystem are interrupted at twice line ,15 of said fbroad pulses. fslaid valve mayconstitute frequency so that :in :effect leach frame frequency 4the 4separator valveofa television `receiver -vvliich pulse is composed :of 0.a sequence =of pulses, each .serves 'to'separate thejsync'hronising pulses from individual pulse of which has la longer .duration the picture signals. Preferably said 'valve is -of tha-n each line frequency "SyIIChIOn'S'ng pulse. the screen lgrid type -and said time constant-cir- When receiving such `pulses 4it :is :necessary `to -2c cuit is constitutedlby the-decoupling circuit of the -sepa-rate the Yline :frequency synchronisng pulses screening grid of saidvaIVe.

Preferably, :the anode circuit of `said valve :and `for thispurpose' it iis usual .to provide `a Ycirincludes a ringing circuit which serves lto `ring Cuit in which the iframe YHSQHBBCY Synchronisng each time a transient passes through the "circuit pulsesare-convertedintozpulsesfoffa dierentam- 2*5 so that the amplitude of the yderived Ipulses lis apltude Vfrom the 111116 'frequency `fStrlChrOni'Sng effectively increased by the ringing rder-i-vedirern pulse-SSO that 01115 the :former pulses 102m trigger said circuit Aso that the derived pulses areofvery the generator 4of the ,Trame frequency :scanning pointed `Yform. By employing'acircuit Ain-accord- :oscillationsl Where :an interlaced television :sysancerwith the `invention Ithe frame frequency --tem `is employed it :is :important that triggering 1.30 generator may lbe arranged to be triggeredon the of the frame frequency scanning `generator yiirst of the pulses derived from the broad frame should :occur -very accurately iotherwise incorrect drequency synchronising pulses which is of the interlacng will result. i 'flargest amplitude, `thus ensuring correct `opera- `In one lknown form :of :converti-ng rcircuit, :the :ftion'of :the scanning generator. I-f,however,` the line and lframe -frequency synclironising Ypulses `3 yfirst `of thederived Apulses'sl-iou'ld be obscured by are applied to the contrdl :electrode lof Va lpthermi- `interference then .itin-ay he arranged that the yonic valve and the `:anode :circuit kof .said .valve `iis iframe `frequency `generator is triggered "by "the Iprovided .Withan integratingcircuit whiehsenves :second of :the derived pulses. to :convert the sequenceof pulses in seach ,frame In.order'.that .thesaid'invention-may-beclearly frequency synchronising.pulsefinto.derivedrpulses 40 `,understood :and readily carried into ye'iect, the which have -a progressively increasing famplitude. same `will fnowbesmore :fully-described with refer-- The `derived pulses iin such a circuit can `hefsepa- :ence to 4,the .accompanying drawings .inuvhiich z I rated by amplitude-selection butsince the .pulses Figure :l illustrates aconverting circuit .in derived vfrom the frame :frequency synchronising :accordance Awith the 'invention for use in a. 'televpulseslnave `aprogressively increasing amplitude, 4.5 vision receiver, it is Vfound that the generator .oftthe trame frefFigure '2 illustrates the vwaveform di tine and quency scanning oscillations can be triggered :indrame frequency syndhronising pulses, randl 'discriminatelm :Which gives rise in 4television LFligure theiwavelorni :of -derived pulses, :receiversto whatiis:colloquially:calledTitteringy :shown fin Fig-ure 1, the circuit Acomprises a This is particularly noticeable inlreceivers Loper- '5m lthemni-onic `valve i shown Ein 'the for-rn `of Ia penating with interlaced scanning. 1 l ,i :tode valve lto itheocontrol electrode of which The object of `the `present 'invention zis 5to picture vsignals .and line :and frame frequency fprovide an 'improved converting circuit :adapted 'synchronising pulses are rapplleii through Va cou- 'ztolconvert broad pulses into pulses :of larger .amplingccndenser i2, leak resistance 3 and `coupling plitude 4than pulses derived froin nsaid knarrow '5a :resistance f4, the valve l being so arranged that pulses but in which the above mentioned fdisad- :the picture signals are `,smear-ated Afrom the vline `vantage'is substanti'allyovercome.` 'and vframe frequency synchronising pulses so According to the present invention, a :pulse ithat .the-:valve flisfeiectively controlled Aonlypy `converting circuit is .provided for :converting a the separated line and iframe'frequency synchro- :series of narrow fpulses and a sequenoepfbroad to nising `:pulses which are of the fior-m shown iin double line frequency in known manner so that'Y the frame frequency synchronising pulse 6 effectively comprises a, sequence of pulses each of double-diode or, alternatively, a germanium or which is of longer dur-ation than each line frequency synchronising pulse 5.l The dotted'line pulses indicate the position of the line frequency synchronising signals in alternate frames since it is assumed that the receiveris operating with interlaced scanning. The'V synchronising pulses 5 and 6 are applied at the control electrode` of valve I in the positive sense and the resultant Yanode current of valve I is integrated by a resistance 'I which is connected between the anode of the valve I and a source of positive potential and a condenser 8 the time constant of the resistance 1 and condenser 8 being 20 micro-seconds for a television system with line scanning frequency of 405 lines and complete pictures per second. With such a System, the sequence of broad pulses 6 has a duration of 450 microseconds. The integrating circuit 'I and 8 servesv to produce from the broader frame frequency synchronising pulses 6 derived pulses 9, as shown in Figure 3 which represents the voltage waveform derived from the anodeY current of valve I, which are of larger amplitude lthan the derived pulses I0 which Vare obtained from the line synchronising pulses 5. The screening grid ofthe valve I is lconnected to a source of potential through a resistance II which is decoupled to earth by a condenser I2. The effective time constant of the decoupling circuit I I and I2 takinginto account the screen grid to cathode impedance of the valve I may be 160- micro-seconds for a system operating as above described that is, shorter than the duration of the sequence `of, broad pulses 6. During the occurrence of the broad pulses inthe valve I the mean anode current'of the valve increases and the potential across the condenser 8 starts to decrease. This decrease in potential, however, continues only for the duration of the first of the broad pulses 6. The condenser I2 is chosen so that the peak cathode current of the valve I commences to fall during the first broad pulse so that, as will be observed from Figure 3, the amplitude of the derived pulses 9 progressively decreases. Preferably, the anode circuit of valve I includes a further resistance I3 shunted by an inductance I4, the resistance I3 and inductance I4 constituting a ringing circuitwhich rings each time a transient occurs with the result that the current waveform has added thereto very pointed portions indicated at I5 and preferably these Apointed portions of the waveform are employed for triggering a multivibrator employed in the frame frequency scanning generator. As shown, the anode of the valve I is connected Vto the cathode of a diode valve I6, the anode of which is connected to a, source Aof potential through a resistance I'I and is also connected through aV coupling condenser I8 tothe anode of a valve I9 which forms part of a multivibrator which is Y employed in the frame frequency scanning generator, in known manner. The diode I6 is arranged by a suitable choice of its anode potential to separate, at the level indicated by the chain dotted line in Figure 3, two or three of the pointed portions I5 from the rest of the waveform, these separated portions being then utilised to control the valve I9, the valve I9 being preferably employed to generate a frame frequency 4 Y Y timing pulse ofrectangular form for application tothe scanning generator; In order to overcome any tendency for` line frequency transients to pass through the condenser I8 to the valve I9 due to the inter-electrode capacity of the diode I6, it is preferred toremploy a further diode 20 which, Itogether with the diode I6, may constitute a sible to ensure in normal circumstances that the multivibrator -associated with the frame scanning generator is always triggered on the first of the derivedV pulses. Should, however, the first of such pulses be obscured by interference then the multivibrator can be Vtriggered by the second or third of the derived pulses.`

What I claim is:

1. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and -a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses inV which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit con- .nected .to an input electrode of said valve and to whichsaid narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an'output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit a converter to convert saidnarrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes, and a time constant circuit connected to another electrode of said valve and having a time con- `VstantV shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of Vsaid broad pulses.

2. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into'derived pulses in'which the pulses derived fromV said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from Y ing grid of said valve and having a time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of vbroad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses. Y Y

3. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and va sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit Vconnected to an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit an integrating circuit to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes, and a time constant circuit connected to another electrode of said valve and having a time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

4. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit an integrating circuit to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes, and a time constant circuit connected to a screening grid of said valve and having a, time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

5. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit a converter to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes together with an inductive element to provide a ringing circuit, and a time constant circuit connected to another electrode of said valve and having a time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

6. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, s-aid circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an output electrode of said valve rand having in said output circuit a converter to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes together with an inductive element to provide a ringing circuit, and a time constant circuit connected to a screening grid of said valve and having a time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

7. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude th-an that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit an integrating circuit to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes together with an inductive element to provide a ringing circuit, and a time constant circuit connected to another electrode of said valve and having la time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

8. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and -a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that oi the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected lto an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit an integrating circuit to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes together with an inductive element to provide a ringing circuit, and a time constant circuit connected to a screening grid of said valve and having a time constant shorter than the duration of said sequence of broad pulses .to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

9. A pulse converting circuit for converting a series of narrow pulses and a sequence of broad pulses into derived pulses in which the pulses derived from said broad pulses are of greater amplitude than that of the pulses derived from said narrow pulses, said circuit comprising a thermionic valve having an input circuit connected to an input electrode of said valve and to which said narrow and broad pulses are applied, an output circuit connected to an output electrode of said valve and having in said output circuit an integrating circuit consisting of a resistance in series with said valve and Ia condenser eiectively in shunt with said resistance to convert said narrow and broad pulses into pulses of different amplitudes, and an inductive element in series with said integrating circuit between said integrating circuit and the anode of said valve to provide a ringing circuit, said valve having a screening grid connected through a resistance to a source of potential and to a point of lower potential through a condenser. the time constant of the resistance and condenser connected to said screening electrode being shorter than the duration of the sequence of broad pulses to cause said valve to become progressively less conducting during the conversion of said broad pulses.

KEITH GORDON HUNTLEY.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,181,309 Andrien Nov. 28, 1939 2,210,523 Blumlein Aug. 6, 1940 2,359,447 Seeley Oct. 3, 1944 2,423,304 Fitch July 1, 194'? 2,508,923 Mautner May 23, 1950 2,539,374 Pourciau et al. Jan. 23, 1951 2,583,021 Smyth Jan. 22, 1952 

